Understanding the Balance of Family Test for Parent Visas in Australia
- Leading Edge
- Jan 4
- 5 min read
Updated: Jan 26
Applying for a parent visa in Australia involves several requirements, but one of the most important is the Balance of Family Test. This test determines whether an applicant has enough close family ties in Australia to qualify for a parent visa. Understanding how this test works can make a significant difference in your visa application process.
What is the Balance of Family Test?
The Balance of Family Test is a criterion used by the Australian Department of Home Affairs to assess whether a parent visa applicant has a sufficient number of children living in Australia compared to those living overseas. The test aims to ensure that applicants have strong family connections in Australia, which supports their case for permanent residency.
To pass the test, at least half of the applicant’s children must be living in Australia as permanent residents or citizens. If the applicant has only two children, then at least one must live in Australia. This rule applies regardless of the number of children the applicant has worldwide.
Why the Balance of Family Test Matters for Parent Visa
The Australian government uses this test to manage immigration and ensure that parent visas are granted to those with genuine family ties in Australia. It helps prevent visa misuse and supports family reunification policies.
Failing the test means the visa application will likely be refused, so understanding the requirements and preparing your application carefully is crucial.
How the Balance of Family Test Works
The test is strictly numerical. It doesn't consider the quality of your relationship or which child provides the most care; instead, it looks at the geographical distribution of all your children.
You pass the test if:
At least half of your children and stepchildren live permanently in Australia as "eligible children"; OR
More of your children live permanently in Australia than in any other single country.
What Defines an "Eligible Child"?
For the purpose of the 2026 assessment, an eligible child must be:
An Australian Citizen;
An Australian Permanent Resident usually resident in Australia; or
An eligible New Zealand Citizen usually resident in Australia.
Note: Children in Australia on temporary visas (such as Student or Graduate visas) are counted as living "overseas" for this calculation.
Who is Counted in the Test?
The Department includes a broad definition of "children" to ensure the test is fair and comprehensive:
Biological and Adopted Children: All children from both parents are included.
Stepchildren: Includes children of your current partner. It also includes children from a former partner if they are under 18 and you have legal custody.
Exclusions: Deceased children or children removed from legal custody by adoption or court order are typically not counted.
How to Calculate Your Balance of Family
Calculating your balance involves counting your children who:
Are Australian citizens
Hold permanent residency in Australia
Hold eligible visas that count towards the test (in some cases)
Children living overseas or on temporary visas in Australia do not count towards passing the test.
Example 1
If an applicant has four children:
Two live in Australia as citizens or permanent residents
Two live overseas
The applicant passes the test because half of the children live in Australia.
Example 2
If an applicant has three children:
One lives in Australia
Two live overseas
The applicant fails the test because less than half of the children live in Australia.
Special Circumstances and Exceptions
There are some exceptions and special cases where the Balance of Family Test may be waived or adjusted:
If the applicant has no children living in Australia but has a dependent child who is an Australian citizen or permanent resident, they may still be eligible.
In some cases, compassionate or compelling circumstances can be considered.
The test applies differently for certain visa subclasses, such as Contributory Parent Visas.
It is important to check the specific visa subclass requirements and seek advice if your situation is complex.
Tips for Meeting the Balance of Family Test
Gather evidence: Provide clear documentation of your children’s residency status in Australia, such as birth certificates, citizenship papers, or permanent residency visas.
Include all children: List all your children, including those who are deceased or estranged, as the test considers all biological or legally adopted children.
Seek professional advice: Immigration rules can be complex. Consulting a registered migration agent or immigration lawyer can help you understand your eligibility and prepare your application.
What Happens After Passing the Test?
Securing a "pass" on the Balance of Family Test is a major milestone, but it is only the beginning of your parents' journey to Australia. In 2026, the Department of Home Affairs has introduced more rigorous digital checks and updated financial thresholds that require proactive planning.
As of January 2026, here is what you need to know about the next steps and how Leading Edge Migration Perth can secure your family’s future.
The processing times for parent visas can be long, sometimes several years, so applicants should plan accordingly and keep their information up to date with the Department of Home Affairs.
1. Navigating Post-Test Requirements
Passing the Balance of Family Test confirms your eligibility to apply, but the grant of a Parent Visa (Subclass 143, 103, 864, or 804) depends on several critical factors:
Assurance of Support (AoS): For 2026, the income threshold for assurers has risen by 2.4%. You (or a joint assurer) must provide evidence of taxable income from the current and previous financial years to guarantee your parents won't rely on social security.
Health & Character Audits: Parents must meet strict health requirements. We recommend a "pre-migration health check" to identify potential issues before they lead to a visa refusal under the "significant cost" threshold.
The Second Instalment: For Contributory visas like the Subclass 143, the second instalment is a significant investment (approx. $43,600+ per applicant). Setting up a dedicated savings plan early is essential.
2. Realistic Timelines & 2026 Processing Trends
Parent visa processing remains a "cap and queue" system. While the 2025–26 migration program has maintained parent allocations, backlogs remain high:
Contributory Parent Visas (143/864): Expect indicative waits of 12–15 years for new applications.
Non-Contributory Parent Visas (103/804): These pathways now face wait times of 30+ years, making them a long-term strategy rather than a quick fix.
The 870 Alternative: Many families are now opting for the Subclass 870 (Sponsored Parent Temporary) visa, which allows parents to stay for up to 10 years without meeting the Balance of Family Test while their permanent application sits in the queue.
2026 Strategy: What if You Don't Pass?
The Balance of Family Test cannot be waived, even in compelling or compassionate circumstances. If your family is "top-heavy" with children living outside of Australia, you may need to consider alternative pathways:
Subclass 870 (Sponsored Parent Temporary Visa): This visa allows parents to stay in Australia for up to 10 years without needing to pass the Balance of Family Test. While it doesn't lead directly to PR, it is the premier solution for family reunification in 2026.
Final Thoughts: Reuniting Your Family with Confidence
Reuniting with your parents is a deeply personal goal that requires professional precision. Whether you are opting for the Contributory "jump-the-queue" pathway or the budget-friendly Non-Contributory route, understanding the 2026 policy shifts is the key to success.
Leading Edge Migration: Perth’s Parent Visa Specialists
At Leading Edge Migration, we don't just lodge applications; we build Migration Action Plans. From calculating your AoS income requirements to managing the 2026 digital document imports in ImmiAccount, our Perth-based experts ensure your family’s journey is smooth and secure.
Ready to start the process of bringing your parents home? Let us help you navigate the complexity and turn your family dreams into reality.
Take the first step today and explore your visa options with confidence!
Contact Leading Edge Migration today.
Disclaimer: This blog provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. It's crucial to consult with a registered migration agent for personalised guidance based on your specific circumstances
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